Lemon Lovin’ Life Essay Essays

Lemon Lovin’ Life Essay Essays Lemon Lovin’ Life Essay Essay Lemon Lovin’ Life Essay Essay Introduction The company. Lemon Lovin’ Life. is a lemonade base that is in the drink concern. Bing that it is a popular drink and the low cost of get downing a lemonade concern. there is competition doing it rather competitory in the market. This study outlines the company’s branding scheme. designation of possible new locations. promotional programs. and employee preparation chances. Branding Scheme To make a stigmatization scheme for Lemon Lovin’ Life it will besides consists of the selling mix. viz. . merchandise. topographic point. and publicity. Lemon Lovin’ Life has a sensible size and will be priced competitively. It will be known for its healthy. natural. delightful. and well-known gustatory sensation. A focal point of the drink is to acquire it to be appreciated non merely during the summer months. but instead. the whole twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Foregrounding its wellness benefits with addition consumer’s involvement into the merchandise. If this investing is success. Lemon Lovin’ Life could spread out by adding a turn to the lemonade drinks. For case. a lemonade drink can hold a combination of lemon and strawberry. lemon and Ananas comosus but ever concentrating on lemon as the chief spirit. Ideally the lemonade base will be placed in forepart of the owner’s house possibly near a tree for shadiness. Attracting more consumers. being that they won’t have to stand under the blaze Sun. For selling intents. circulars and postings will be distributed in assorted strategic topographic points in the vicinity along with naming friends and household. Making a page on Facebook. a Twitter history. and Instagram. among others. will besides to a great extent use societal media sites. Opportunities for New Locations Lemon Lovin’ Life’s end is to make as many clients as possible in order to turn to the altering lifestyle picks that chiefly purpose to hold healthy life. The new locations must see that the mark market has entree to the lemonade whenever they’d like. This scheme will already tap a figure of clients runing from kids. female parents purchasing for their households. wellness fans. and immature people who can already do their ain purchases ( Bovee A ; Thill. 2013. p. 346 ) . Promotion Plans Normally local occupants back up new concern ventures and Lemon Lovin’ Life has $ 10. 000 to pass for advertisement. Sing the merchandise subject assorted selling vehicles will be utilized to pass on the message. image. and presence of the concern. Bovee A ; Thill ( 2013 ) asserted that there are different ways to advance merchandises. including the usage of print media ( magazines. local newspapers and pupil publications ) ( p. 382 ) . broadcast media ( local Television shows. wireless plans ) . hotel ushers ( Chamber of Commerce newssheets. booklets. circulars ) . direct mail ( subscriber lists. inserts in newspapers. office mail bringing ) ( p. 374 ) . societal media ( Facebook. Twitter. Instagram ) ( p. 382 ) . and others ( attending in charity events. sponsorships. imperativeness conferences ) ( p. 382 ) . Employee Training In hope that the company shall turn. it will be necessary to engage more people in order to assist run the lemonade base. It is besides of import for the company to put in developing the staff to go on to offer quality lemonade. To make this. the company should ever look into whether employees are engaged. satisfied. committed. and rooted ( Bovee A ; Thill. 2013. p. 220 ) . Supplying employees with occupation security through a strong wage is the first measure. Second. supply employees with wellness insurance and retirement programs that can be extended to their households. Finally. the company must guarantee that employees have a clear calling way. particularly for those who have leading qualities to let them to hold the feeling that what they are making is â€Å"worthwhile and fulfilling in itself† ( Bovee A ; Thill. 2013. p. 223 ) . When these demands are met. employees are will really see the occupation in a different mode. Their attitude toward working there will be a p ositive 1. Decision Get downing a company is non merely about holding the money and engaging employees. There are other facets that should be considered. including the viability of the merchandise. the mark market. demographical considerations. the location. and marketing the merchandise. Mentions Bovee. C. L. . A ; Thill. J. V. ( 2013 ) . Business in action. ( 6th erectile dysfunction ) . Upper Saddle River. New jersey: Pearson.

Slavery3 essays

Slavery3 essays During the times of slavery, every day slaves did things to resist the bondage laid upon them by their masters, owners and drivers. All slaves had different relationships with their masters, owners and drivers basically ranging from bad to worst, with a rare exception. The slaves resistances ranged from things as miniscule as trying to outwit their masters to huge historical events such as Nat Turners rebellion. The slave experienced a strange relationship with his master. Many masters and slavery defenders believed that slaves accepted their subservient position in society. They truly believed that slave did not know better, and therefore, were content with their lives. They thought they had the slaves tricked. Although, with some rare, rare exceptions, this couldnt be further from the truth. The idea that a human just accepted the idea of bondage is absurd and hard to believe. The white man did not know the slave as well as he thought he did; and nearly all slaves felt some feelings of rebellion at one point in their life. Throughout the age of slavery slaves consistently took rebellious actions to resist their bondage. They sometimes debated whether to out-wit their master by doing unsatisfactory work, or to fee satisfaction by working hard. Slaves often time acted stupider to their masters than they truly were, almost as an excuse to lessen the expectations that they were held to. The average slave did not want to work harder than they felt comfortable with. Slaves would often time destroy property carelessly, yet sometimes deliberately. Many also practiced feigning illnesses to get out of work. These are all smaller practices that lead to bigger, more message sending defiant actions such as running away and violent rebellion. There were several rebellions and planned rebellions, such as the Gabriel Conspiracy, Denmark Vesey and the Seminole War. But the mos...

Individual research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual research paper - Essay Example The business model followed by the company makes it a limited liability company. Other than real estate the company has trading interests and tends to export a few goods aboard such as generators, plastic products, utensils etc. but the mainstay for the company has been real estate. Like myriad other businesses in China, the Jia Nian Hua Company is a family managed venture. The current chief executive of the company, Jia Nian Hua has employed his family members in critical positions such as finance, sales and marketing in order to take advantage of their loyalty. A paternal work environment is apparent when one walks into the office as the employees look towards Mr. Jia as a fatherly figure. Mr. Jia was kind enough to allow some time for an interview concerning his business. When asked about the beginnings of the business, Mr. Jia related that he had begun dealing in real estate in the early nineties when he was employed as a government official in Beijing. In his own words, â€Å"having been associated with real estate early on I realized that China possessed immense potential for growth in coming decades. Therefore, I decided to open up a small real estate shop in Beijing to take my informal business idea to a complete business†. Being part of the government allowed Mr. Jia the critical information he required to expand into the real estate scenario because he was already well aware of where development would occur. He cited the case of new suburbs created around Beijing. Planning for development had begun in the late nineties but â€Å"acquisition of land had been slow due to fears of inflation in real estate if procurement was faster†. This indicates t hat Mr. Jia’s entry into the market as an entrepreneur was based on analytical evaluation that stemmed from information available only to select people in the Chinese government. Mr. Jia’s response also confirms the important assumption about entrepreneurs which states that entrepreneurs

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Terrorism - Essay Example The first component is use of violence or involvement of threat. Albeit the modern world has recorded the emergence of cyberterrorism where information and communication systems would be employed, physical violence remains a definitive feature of terrorism. Secondly, the violence should be quest for social or political objective. Finally, terrorism would not be aimed at any particular individual since the aim would be to cause psychological harm beyond the immediate objects or victims of the attack. This randomness aims at creating fear. Thus, a useful definition would outline terrorism as random use of violence or threats by an organized group in pursuance of political or social objectives. Examples of groupings that have met these features and thus considered as terrorists include Al-Qaeda, the Irish Republican Army, IRA and Aum Shinrikyo. There are various reasons that would cause a group to launch a terrorist attack. Political motivations have been reported over years. The traditional Irish Republican Army gives an appropriate example of a terrorist group with modest political objectives which fought what it considered as outside domination. Theirs involved small scale bomb attacks resulting into dozens of casualties to attract the attention of the world but not to a large extent alienate members of their community. Internationally, the dominance of few nations having massive political, economic and military power encourages acts of terrorism. Giving an example of Al-Qaeda, Shimko (299) argues on social and political goals motivated by specific forms of religious fundamentalism as probable causes of terrorism. The surges in terrorists that are religiously motivated have been on the increase since 1991. By 1995, they comprised more than half the recognized active international terrorist groups. The magnitude of the September 11 US terrorist attacks makes it unique. Considering it as war would limit action against perpetrators to military action thus the

Political or social issues Essay Example for Free

Political or social issues Essay Ethnocentrism refers to people’s habit of applying selfness in daily life activities by considering themselves just than others, pulling towards themselves and therefore make all judgments based on their own values, feelings, ideas, ideals, traditions and cultural practices. It is an aspect that brings issues of prejudices, hatred, ethnicity and stereotypic practices. On the other side, it strengthens and maintains belief structures and behaviors as well as creating rationale pride. It also creates personal volunteering spirit for one’s group or society aimed at collective benefits. The mostly realized effect of ethnocentrism is that it creates negative effects especially when it comes to communication and understanding one another. This is because people from different cultures have different opinions and perceptions when it comes to different issues in life such as cultural, political or social issues. It is therefore difficult for people to reach a consensus as everyone considers him/her right, thus misperceptions and misunderstandings (Felix, 2004). b. Explain the difference between individualistic cultures and collectivist cultures and your personal experiences with culture shock. Hofstede compared ethnocentrism American and Indian college students and came up with two major aspects which mostly deepened American’s student’s socio-cultural conformity. One of the aspects was individualistic culture, where a culture is developed to value oneself more than others and when it comes to a group; its members are considered more than non members. The other aspect was power distance dimension which mainly focused on societal equality and inequality. This is the view that high powered people are entitled to more privileges than the low powered. According to his research the above two aspects made America score 91% and India 48% of ethnocentrism in students. Collectivist culture is the culture in which benefit to all is the principle. It applies in countries or society where people value mutualism by caring for one another (Violet, 2001). Reference Felix, G. , (2004) Social Psychology. London, Blackwell Publishers Violet, T. , (2001) Sociological Theories and Approaches. West, CT, Praeger

American Indian Stories Essay -- essays research papers

In her book American Indian Stories, Zitkala-Sa's central role as both an activist and writer surfaces, which uniquely combines autobiography and fiction and represents an attempt to merge cultural critique with aesthetic form, especially surrounding such fundamental matters as religion. In the tradition of sentimental, autobiographical fiction, this work addresses keen issues for American Indians' dilemmas with assimilation. In Parts IV and V of "School Days," for example, she vividly describes a little girl's nightmares of paleface devils and delineates her bitterness when her classmate died with an open Bible on her bed. In this groundbreaking scene, she inverts the allegation of Indian religion as superstition by labeling Christianity. Also, the book as a whole reflects her empowerment, but also speaks eloquently in a conquering culture's language of what it is to have no power over your destiny or selfhood. Her integration of several competing selves led her to write this, in "The Great Spirit": "The racial lines, which once were bitterly real, now serve nothing more than marking out a living mosaic of human beings." In "The Great Spirit" she demonstrates her rhetorical savvy in embedding palatably her critique of oppressive hierarchy. She evokes this theme again in "Sun Dance Opera," which she composed later in life. Here and elsewhere, she illustrates that the...

Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War

| Analysis on Whether the Realism School Still Works Today with the Iraq War as the Example| Word count : 4056 MB240672 Zhao Tiantian (Daisy)| | ProfileAdmin [Pick the date] | 1. Introduction After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it seems that the Realism school of international relations has been at an embarrassing position. The scholars of realism had not predicted the result of the confrontation of the United States and Russia.At the same time, with the further development of other schools of the international relations, such as the Liberalism, Constructivism and English school, the realism school is regarded to undergoing a weakening trend, for its inability to give a satisfactory explanation of so much cooperation, negotiation and other situation in the ever-changing political environment. While does that really mean the realism school of international relations lose its significance to study? The answer is definitely no.As one of the most classical school, flourishing for suc h a long time, it is bound to have its reasonability on some specific issues. Then does it can still be persuasive in this century and explain some specific events in the world nowadays? Is the realism school still practical in analyzing some situation and worthwhile to keep further study on it? The author thinks it is appropriate to study it with an example of war happened recently to see is there any changed expression of the school.In that way, we can understand the school and the world better to promote the development and keep the relatively stable situation of the globe. Even though after the World War Two, there is rare large scale of wars like that, involving so many states or covering so broad area. The disputes, conflicts and wars happened in different regions and among different states, absolutely cannot be compared with the world war. One of the examples of such kind is the Iraq War. On March 20 2003, the United American firstly started an invasion of Ba’athist Ir aq with its coalition, the United Kingdom.Before the war, the governments of two states claimed that Iraq’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of coalition or regional allies. 1 As we all know, after 9. 11, anti-terrorism has become a top agenda to America, so the US government also condemned Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq provides the protection and support of Al-Qaeda as well as financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers. On top of this, the human rights abuses of Iraqi government also could be seen as the reason for the US to start the war.While are these reasons really true without other purpose? The investigators of WMD in Iraq did not find any evidence to prove, on the contrary, they got the conclusion that Iraq had already ended its nuclear, biological and chemical program in 1991 and had no active program at the time of the invasion. 2 Even without the permit from the UN, not conforming to the specific rules of international law, the US started a militarily attack to Iraq surprisingly. So is it really a justice war like that announced by the US government, is there any other reason for the start of the war related to the self-interest of the US?This war could embody what kind of information and be relevant to the realism school of international relations? The author would provide a further analysis on it. First, the introduction of the realism school of international relations would be given, which includes the main principles and several branches of the realism school related to the case studied here. Then the author would also present information of the international law and international organizations to show how the US, as the most powerful state today won its purpose and self-interest and protect its security in the â€Å"anarchy† world.And analysis would start from the reason announced by the US government, how they really embody the real in tention of the US. Then try to find is there any other potential reason hided the event in order to prove how the US behaved in line with the realism school. 2. Literature review Realism school of international relations is a kind of theory and practice, focusing on the balance of power among states more than ideality and mortality. There are several fundamental principles of the school.Firstly, the international system is under the state of anarchy which means there is not an authoritarian actor to manage the international society and address the disputes or conflicts among different states. Secondly, the sovereign states are the most significant actors in the international system instead of international organizations, non-government organizations or multi-national enterprises, and sometimes the more attention is given to the great powers which have much more saying in the international interactions.Thirdly, all states within the system are unitary and rational actors. 3Considerin g the other states response to their own behavior, those states would also pay attention to the outside environment and choose the strategic measures to try their best to survive. Because that states always tend to pursue self-interest and groups strive to attain as many resources as possible. 4Fourthly, the most principle goal of a state is survival and security. â€Å"States seek to maintain their territorial integrity and the autonomy of their domestic political order.Survival dominates other motives because, once a state is conquered, it is unlikely to be in a position to pursue other aims. †5 While for this reason, it is possible to lead to a kind of troublesome situation, called â€Å"security dilemma†. It means one state tries to strengthen its military power by increasing its army or other means which could cause the insecurity of another state. Due to the uncertainty of the other’s real intention, lack of information, incentive to misrepresent and some private information, it is very likely for this state to take the same measures to protect itself.Therefore, these two states would be trapped in the â€Å"security dilemma† and that would easily cause the war. Fifthly, power is given the priority by every state, seeking power especially the military power sometimes is regarded as the top agenda for each state. Only with the power, can a state guarantee its security to further pursue other development and stability. Of course, realism is a complex school which could be divided into several specific branches with each distinguished characteristic. First of all, the Classical Realism holds that in the real world, the weak is always falling to the strong.The anarchy to the world means the law of the jungle, so states pursue the maximization of power. Second, Neorealism also called Structural Realism claims that even though the major actor is state, there is not difference in the function of states. What impact the foreign polici es are the various positions of states in the international system structure. Third, Offensive Realism, with the representative of John Mearsheirmer insists on the idea that self-help is the only way to survive without help from the trusted others under the anarchy.Seeking self-interest and establishing its own power are of great importance. What is more, there are Defensive Realism and Neoclassical Realism which the author would not explain too much about them. Then international law should be mentioned here. International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and nations. 6It serves as the indispensable framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. 7Meanwhile, international law is consent-based governance.This means that a state member of the international community is not obliged to abide by international law unless it has expressly consented to a particular course of conduct. 8 Although many k inds of cooperation and negotiation can be seen in the world, it is still reasonable to consider the inherent reason for them. Does that mean a state could learn to become benevolent, doing good things and thinking of others more than of itself? Under such kind of background, because of the only reliable method of self-help in the anarchical world, international law is so weak as well as the international cooperation.With the spread of Fascism and the explosion of the World War Two, classical realism rose rapidly and dominated the theory and practice of international relations during the period of Cold War. Under the great influence of classical realism, not only the study of international law war greatly affected, but also the practices of international organizations were affected negatively. Some scholars of early realism hold that the international law could play part of role in stipulating and constraining the states’ behavior during the fight for power in the internation al relations.But still many scholars keep doubt to the real function of international law, because of the lack of some important properties like domestic law, such as institutions of legislation, jurisdiction and enforcement. In the book of Edward H Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis he points out the nature of international law that â€Å"international law differs from the municipal law of modern states in being the law of an undeveloped and not fully integrated community. It lacks three institutions which are essential parts of any developed system of municipal law: a judicature, an executive and a legislature. 9To sum up, they tend to regard the international law as a kind of original law with serious flaw. On the other hand, due to the short of compelling force, the international law is considered as soft. 10 On top of the mentioned shortcomings of it, the limitation from willingness of states whether to accept the rules, ambiguity of the law’s provision and other fac tors decide that there is no room to ply for international law to seek power and secure international relations.Especially in the conflict between the states interests and the use of international law which are strong and weak respectively, law has to submit to the reality, for its pursuit of a kind of â€Å"morality†. If a state’s survival is not a focus of a law, namely, if the existing international system causes the successive problems of survival, it is possible for us to get a pessimistic conclusion that states are still trampling the international law. 1 As for the international organizations, with the increasingly more frequent international interaction and the deeper independence among states, they have also showed new changes, such as the larger scale of the organizations and better network of different states compared with the past. The United Nations is one of the largest and also the most important organizations in the world now with the most members. It i s undoubtedly that in the term of controlling the regional conflicts and relieving the expansion of that.But it still faces with lots of challenges, particularly faced with the powerful states holding the superb position, and then its role shows some degree of being weakened which would embody in the following parts of the thesis. 3. Case study After September 11 attack happened in America, Bush, the president of the US announced the war to the â€Å"terrorism† recognized by the US government and put Iraq into the list of â€Å"Axis of Evil†. While on July the 8th 2002, Bush said that changing the Iraq’s regime is one of the American state policies on a press conference, â€Å"taking every measure to realize this goal†.On September the 12th the US government listed the examples of Iraq’s break of its promise to the international community since the Gulf War and urged the UN to take actions to force Iraq to destroy the weapons of mass Destruction. S o in 2002, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 which called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD and cruise missile. 2 It is easy to get a conclusion that since 2001, there has already been the tight atmosphere or also can be said that the crisis escalated between the US, the only one superpower in the world and Iraq, an important state in the Middle East with great amount of oil reserve. The reason for starting the war as mentioned at the beginning of the paper, firstly, the WMD problem. The US claimed to search and eliminate the weapons of mass destruction. Regardless of the fact that whether Iraq really held the WMD, it is easy to understand the situation that it is the possibility that makes the US really worried.It can be considered as a kind of â€Å"security dilemma†. Iraq may develop the nuclear energy for their own purpose instead of hurting any other states. But due to the preconceived idea of Iraq, regarding it as the â€Å"Axis of Evil† and worry of the potential terrorists of the state to make use of the WMD to continue their destruction, it is understandable for the US to take measures to try to get rid of this crisis in order to protect itself. Why the US does not say too much about the same situation happened in other countries, such as China or Japan?It depends on the real interest relationship between two. The Iraq war also related to the principle of the realism school in which guaranteeing the survival is the most significant goal for a state. The US thought the possession of WMD had become a huge threat to its survival and security. The action that Iraq might have WMD led to the insecurity of the US or the fear for that kind of insecurity. Therefore, two states were trapped into the â€Å"security dilemma†. While as the much more powerful one, the US adopted actions firstly.As to the second reason, to end the human rights abus es in Iraq and to establish an autonomous government for the Iraqi seems really weak. There is no permission for attacking a state for such kind of excuses. Even though such situation existed once, it does not mean that is right. Just from this reason, it is can be seen that the US really regards itself as an indispensable mediator with its strong political and economic strength and superb position in the globe. The author claims that many policies and measures taken by the US stand the emergence of a new kind of hegemony which conforms to the realism school.Why is it said as new? Compared with the traditional hegemony of European countries in different historical periods, like Portugal, Spain, Holland and the UK, the US does not seek the marine hegemony, colonial hegemony or military hegemony, and it has a distinguished theory, purpose and process. In the regard of theory, the US preaches its responsibility of maintaining the international order, emphasizing the moral foundation an d legality of its behavior. In the regard of process, the US is focus on diplomacy, negotiation, economic sanctions and military intervention.The purpose of the military method is to punish those states which violate the international order and human rights instead of conquering the land through military force. And eventually, through the promotion of political and economic system, the influence on lifestyle as well as the spread of ideology, the US would like to maximize the security and interests of itself and lead the world. Before the Iraq war began on 20 March 2003, France, Germany rejected to join the military attack to Iraq with the US.The US only won the support of its old coalition, the United Kingdom. Even on 20 January 2003, French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin declared â€Å"we believe that military intervention would be the worst solution†13 Meanwhile, in March 2003, Hans Bilx, the chief UN weapons inspector reported that â€Å"No evidence of proscribed activities have so far been found† in Iraq, saying that progress was made in inspections which would continue. He estimated the time remaining for disarmament being verified through inspections to be month†. 4 However the US announced that â€Å"diplomacy has failed† and that it would proceed with a coalition of allied countries, called the â€Å"coalition of the willing† to rid Iraq of its alleged WMD. The US government abruptly advised the UN weapons inspectors to leave Baghdad immediately. 15 Under the general circumstances, when the US had not found the evidence of development of WMD and terrorist attack in Iraq, realizing the reason for the war is not sufficient, it should stop its plan invade and turn the follow-up work to the UN and other international organizations.It is regret that America did not do that. What is more, in October 2002 former US President Bill Clinton warned about possible dangers of preemptive military action against Iraq. Speaki ng in the UK on a Labor Party conference he said: â€Å"As a preemptive action today, however well-justified, may come back with unwelcome consequences in the future†¦. I don't care how precise your bombs and your weapons are, when you set them off, innocent people will die. 16 Then what is preemptive war? It means that a war is imminent and appears to be unable to avoid, then one of the states would starts the war, considering the first one would enjoy some kind of advantage. And there is also another kind of theory similar with it, called the â€Å"preventive† self-defense sharing the similar connotation. The Iraq war actually happened in this way. Since September 11 2001, the US had already made preparations for this preventive self-defense.It classified the North Korea, Iraq and Iran as the â€Å"Axis of Evil† and delivered a speech in West Point, saying the victory of anti-terrorism cannot be won by self-defense, we have to launch attack to destroy their pla ns and eliminate the most severe threat in advance. And three months later, Bush’s government issued a document named National Security of the United States explained that even though the US would insist on pursuing support from the international community, it would take measures to practice its right of self-defense and crack down the terrorists preemptively.Therefore, according to the words of President Bush, it is not difficult to find that there are several characteristics of the so-called preventive self-defense. First, only when the US thinks its security is under threat, it has the right to take measures or attack enemies preemptively regardless of the opposition from the international community and objection from the UN. Second, it does not require that the threat is extremely urgent.Maybe a conclusion can be got that the Iraq war is a unilateral military attack taken by the US and the UK, but not being attacked by Iraq or even without solid evidence that the threat i s really serious as well as ignoring the undergoing inspection in Iraq conducted by the Security Council. Moreover, the Article 2 of charter of the United Nations â€Å"All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. 17 should be applied as a basic principle of today’s international law and followed by all states. And different from the self-defense in the Article 51 of Charter of the United Nations in which â€Å"Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and hall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security†18 However without getting the authorization from the Security Council to take military sanction on Iraq, enough proof to be at the dangerous position, the US chose to fight. In line of the existing international law, the Iraq War is an illegal use of military force to a sovereign state.In July 2010, Deputy Prime Minister of the UK Nick Clegg, in an official PMQs session in Parliament, condemned the invasion of Iraq as illegal. 19 So return to the realism reflected relevant to the war, it is the strong power of the US that makes it behave in a disorderly manner without fear, making a detour of the UN and violating the international law to realize its own purpose. Even in the 21st century, the international institutions or orga nizations are still very weak in some situation, especially faced with a superpower.Because this world is still a law of the jungle to a certain degree, the reality of anarchy does not change, even there are some organizations or institutions in the world, what the extent of the role it can play is another story. On the other hand, since the World War One and Two, crisis of oil in 1973 and the Persian Gulf War, states’ leaders have noticed that crude oil is the most important fundamental raw material of the greatest strategic significance. However the major reserve and production area gather in the Middle East where the political situation is always unstable with frequent disputes or conflicts.Therefore, that brings the risks of the provision of the crude oil in the global market. And for that reason, it is likely for us to think the fight for crude oil is or will still be the center of the tense situation of international politics and economy now and future. While the US as one of the greatest consumers of crude oil in the world, conducted fierce competition with other states in this area with conflicts of interests. Particularly after September 11, the US launched the global strategic deployment with anti-terrorism in which also implies the strategic deployment of crude oil.That is why some people analyze we cannot rule out the possibility that the eruption of Iraq war also embodies the pursuit of self-interests in energy of the US. The superpower always places the self-interests on the first place, even chooses a war which is illegal, pretending that justice prevails. 4. Conclusion The realism school seeks the elaboration for the reality of the world instead of the ideal situation. One point of view goes like that since the establishment of the formal international study in 1919, the realism once dominated the realm of it, because it could give an arguable explanation of wars in the world.So the author takes the example of a war happened relatively i n recent years to elaborate the role of realism school. As to the Iraq war, firstly attention goes to the reason for the start, even though the excuse is not enough the US still conducted its attack. Secondly, the process of the war, from not getting the permit from the United Nations to violate the international law, becoming an illegal war, proves that the US depends on its own strong national power and the leading role in the whole world without the fear for the sanctions and condemnation from other states or the international organizations.Just like in the argument of realism school, in the law of the jungle, â€Å"power† is a core factor for deciding a state how to behave in the international interaction. Due to the uncertainty to Iraq’s intention, not knowing whether it really holds the nuclear weapons, whether Iraq would use it to do things related to the terrorism, harming the interests and security of the US, the US government decided to take a preemptive war in advance as a rational actor in order to eliminate the potential risks and protect itself.Meanwhile, The US gives the self-interests a priority and tries to affect other states with its great political and economic influence. Therefore, it is natural for us to get a conclusion that even a war happen today could be conformed to the realism school of the international school. Even after the split of the Soviet Union, it is still taking the significant position in the international relations study and can explain much situation in the globe, especially for the war.And of course, even there are more and more international organizations nowadays, but how to ensure they could play the better role in the international community is an urgent problem to deal with the disputes, conflicts and even wars, only by commitment? It still needs to be done more study on that. Bibliography 1. Center for American Progress (January 29, 2004) â€Å"In Their Own Words: Iraq's ‘Imminent' Threatâ₠¬  Senator Bill Nelson (January 28, 2004) â€Å"New Information on Iraq's Possession of Weapons of Mass Destruction Blair, A. (March 5, 2002) â€Å"PM statement on Iraq following UN Security Council resolution† 2.Shrader, K. (22 June 2006) â€Å"New Intel Report Reignites Iraq Arms Fight† Associated Press 3. Realism (International Relations) Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) 4. Realism (International Relations) Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Realism_(international_relations) 5. John I. Mearshelmer (2001) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics pp. 31 6. â€Å"The Free Dictionary Definition of Human Rights†. The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright  ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009.. ttp://www. thefreedictionary. com/international+law. Retrieved 13 September 2011. 7. Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on Internationa Law. Boston, USA : Wadsworth. pp. 4-5 8. Slomanson, William (2011). Fundamental Perspectives on Internationa Law. Boston, USA: Wadsworth. pp. 4 9. Edward H Carr The Twenty Years’ Crisis (1981) pp. 170 10. Kenneth W. Abbot and Duncan Snidal, Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3, Summer 2000, pp. 422 11. Robert J. Berk, Anthony Clark Arend and Robert D. Vander Lugt eds,.International Rules: Approaches from International law and International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 1996 P. 94 12. Hersh, Seymour M. (5 May 2003). Selective Intelligence, New Yorker. 13. â€Å"Press conference of Foreign affairs Minister Dominique de Villepin (excerpts)†. Embassy of France in the U. S. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. 14. â€Å"Press conference of Foreign affairs Minister Dominique de Villepin (excerpts)†. Embassy of France in the U. S. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 Septe mber 2006. 15. Iraq War Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Iraq_war 16. â€Å"CNN Inside Politics†. CNN. http://transcripts. cnn. com/TRANSCRIPTS/0210/02/ip. 00. html. Retrieved 23 October 2010. Grice, Andrew (3 October 2002). â€Å"The Independent. â€Å"Clinton urges caution over Iraq as Bush is granted war powers† The Independent (London). http://www. independent. co. uk/news/world/politics/clinton-urges-caution-over-iraq-as-bush-is-granted-war-powers-607775. html. Retrieved 23 October 2010. 17. Charter of the United Nations pp. 4 18. Charter of the United Nations pp. 14 19. Clegg brands Iraq War illegal in his first PMQs – with the backing of No10, Daily Mail, 21 July 2010

Disadvantages of Texting

Texting on the phone while driving can be a very dangerous thing to do. As someone looks at the phone and concentrates on the text messages, they will become distracted from driving. Distracted drivers can cause car accidents and injuries or death to themselves or others. Texting causes delayed reactions, which increase the chance of getting into an accident. According to Cary Aspinwall, when texting while driving, drivers take their eyes off the road for 4. 6 of 6 seconds. A National Safety Council fact sheet states drivers who use cell phones are four times more likely to be in a crash. The Harvard center for Risk Analysis reports the annual cost of crashes caused by cell phone use was estimated at $43 billion in 2003. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and the Orthopedic Trauma Association are also urging drivers to never text message while behind the wheel, due to the frequent treatment of injuries resulting from car accidents of drivers that have been texting. Texting while driving should be avoided, making the roads a safer place for driving. Texting is changing the importance of grammar and proper spelling, causing many problems because people do not know how to write formally and accurately. With the language of texting; grammar, spelling, syntax and abbreviation do not matter anymore. Dixon and Kaminska currently researched using a paradigm, showing that exposure to phonetically plausible misspellings negatively affected subsequent spelling performance with adults. Texting in the in school can result in distractions to the person texting and the surrounding classmates. Sending and receiving text messages during exams is a way one can cheat and get the answers, taking away from the learning process. The Florida Time-Union stated out of 269 students from all classes, 10 percent admitted to transmitting text messaging during exams. Texting in school can also pose a safety issue in text messages being sent and received on threats and rumors. According to Deborah Lee and Maureen McMahon, in April 2008, the Manhatten court of appeals, noted that cell phone bans in public schools are constitutional.

Strossen a Strong or Weak Argument Essays

Strossen a Strong or Weak Argument Essays Strossen a Strong or Weak Argument Essay Strossen a Strong or Weak Argument Essay The title of Strossens essay, Sexual Speech and the Law, is simultaneously indicative and of the issues discussed in the article (and the substance of Strossens   thesis) and   obfuscatory regarding the   essential conclusions forwarded by Strossen in her essay. While Strossen, indeed, places emphasis in her discussion on the ramifications of sexually connotative free speech and expression or the censorship thereof by federal courts or other government institutions, the article, when taken as a whole, relates more appropriately to the issue of free speech itself; most specifically, the concept of bad tendencies in free speech as defined by the United States Supreme Court.Strossens thesis is fairly simple: the maintenance of liberal free speech standards will lead to the healthy social absorption of pornography much more efficaciously than suppression of pornography, under MacDworkinism, which Strossen argues   would ultimately lead to a slippery slope of legislation and court -rulings destined to undermine all institutions of free speech which, in turn, would lead to the disastrous erosion of the democratic principles on which America was, itself, founded. Strossens argument appears well reasoned and persuasive; however,   it is in many ways specious and suffers from examples of logical fallacy, most notably those which pertain to slippery slope, false dilemma, and post-hoc (or doubtful case) elements of rhetoric and argument.Throughout the essay, Strossen forwards what are seemingly valid and well-reasoned points; however, she often obscures the most important of these points by way of weak argument and rhetoric which suffers from traditional logical fallacies. Her argument, taken in total, is largely founded   on a slippery slope fallacy, one which pertains to domino effect erosion of free speech institutions based on admission of any form of censorship of pornographic free speech. Strossen also invokes a number of unsupported claims in her essay, notably the root assumption at the essays opening that Americas Puritanical heritage has placed an undue emphasis on sexual activity as an indication of personal morality. However appealing such a generalization may appear on the surface, the claim is entirely unsupported, here, and Strossens ensuing argument is deeply colored by this initial instance of weak argument and logical fallacy. This assumption can also be regarded as an example of post-hoc fallacy in that Strossen is in effect saying: because America has an historical connection to Puritanism and Christianity, all Americans are sexually repressed and prudish.Strossens weak argumentative tendencies continue with her positing of   MacDworkinism as the primary counter-argument to her own ideas. This constitutes a straw-man fallacy in that Strossen fails to admit alternative counter-viewpoints to her own and instead allows her inquiry to devolve into a considered point-by-point demolition of MacDworkinism without bothering to define the MacDworkin doctrine by any standard other than those of potential negative consequences.   Rather than examining MacDworkinism as the central issue of the essay, Strossen utilizes the straw man technique to elevate her argument to more general, and less easily defined, issues: such as those of free speech itself.The entirety of Strossens thesis is predicated on the aforementioned domino theory that any suppression of free speech other than that which emerges from an issue of public safety will ultimately lead to suppression of free speech itself, without exception, which will undermine democracy.   In order to rebut the all-but-inevitable response to this slippery slope argument: the notion of nuanced or incremental controls over the dissimenation of free speech (rather than its censorship) are avoided by Strossen, who, instead batters away at MacDworkinism and in so doing commits another rhetorical fallacy, that of false dilemma.: there is merely a choice between Mac Dworkinism or free speech and nothing in-between.Although Strossens assertion that control of free speech based on the Supreme Courts ruling involving bad tendencies would ultimately lead to the suppression of all free speech is emotionally   fluent, her logical and rhetorical strategies actually do more to undermine the validity of her assertions than to elucidate them in many instances. Though Strossen attempts to   draw a direct connection between free-speech controls involving pornography and larger issues of civil liberties, her argument is based almost solely on the straw man and slippery slope concepts of MacDworkinism and the erosion of civil liberties. She states explicitly that if MacDworkinism should prevail in the courts, it would jeopardize all of the foregoing free-speech precedents and principles. (Strossen 464) .Strossens fairly thorough examination of the Brandenberg V. Ohio Supreme Court Case and its ultimate resolution offers one of the most well-reasoned and persuasive sections of the essay. For this particular element of her argument, Strossen should be credited with presenting a compelling and adequately substantiated constitutionally based argument for   the present day interpretation of   the bad tendency paradigm.   However, her conclusion, that modern feminist are, indeed, seeking a return to the now-discredited bad tendency paradigm is an instance of oversimplification. In point of fact, there is nothing to suggest that a future Supreme Court interpretation of inciteful speech or even of the bad tendency paradigm would lead to the specific events Strossen cites from the past or for the specific events Strossen posits as likely outcomes in the future should such legislative and judicial interpretations are admitted. It is of course useful to look to historical precedent for contemporary interpretations of law and even of   social norms; however, the nightmarish scenario which Strossen extrapolates from her otherwise co gent study of specific case-histories in the Supreme Court is largely, if not wholly, unsubstantiated.By resorting to logical and rhetorical fallacies in the midst of an otherwise well-reasoned and well-researched essay, Strossen not only undermines her own political and social points, she obscures them which results in a weak presentation of her thesis and its ensuing conclusions. By resorting to the use of the straw man, slippery slope, Post Hoc, and oversimplification, among the other fallacies which have been cited above, Strossen allows her potential reader to engage emotionally with her argument but not consistently rationally. Because the nature of the argument is, itself, based at least partially on the emotional resonance and volatility of the issue of free-speech itself, Strossen undermines her most poignant and meaningful points relevant to the issues of censorship and pornography and reduces what might have been eloquently stated principles to fallacies.Perhaps the most compelling element of Strossens argument is that idea that free speech is, itself, the best measure against the misogynistic and offensive nature of pornographic free speech. her positing of the idea that the guarantee of free speech for women and feminists would be more efficacious in the long run than censorship of pornography, is a deeply appealing and intensely provocative idea. Unfortunately, it, like many of Strossens other points in thee essay, is delivered without evidence or example, so it is both a generalization and and unsupported claim. Strossen, overall, presents a compelling argument,but one which is obfuscated behind her unfortunate choice of and rhetorical strategies.;

See Why the Sky Is Blue and Sunset Is Red - Easy Experiment

See Why the Sky Is Blue and Sunset Is Red - Easy Experiment The sky is blue on a sunny day, yet red or orange at sunrise and sunset. The different colors are caused by scattering of light in the Earths atmosphere. Here is a simple experiment you can do to see how this works: Blue Sky - Red Sunset Materials You only need a few simple materials for this project: WaterMilkTransparent container with flat parallel sidesFlashlight or cell phone light A small rectangular aquarium works well for this experiment. Try a 2-1/2-gallon or 5-gallon tank. Any other square or rectangular clear glass or plastic container will work. Conduct the Experiment Fill the container with  about 3/4 full of water. Turn on the flashlight and hold it flat against the side of the container. You probably wont be able to see the beam of the flashlight, although you may see bright sparkles where the light strikes dust, air bubbles, or other small particles in the water. This is much like how sunlight travels through space.Add about 1/4 cup of milk (for a 2-1/2 gallon container- increase the amount of milk for a larger container). Stir the milk into the container to mix it with water. Now, if you shine the flashlight against the side of the tank, you can see the beam of light in the water. Particles from the milk are scattering light. Examine the container from all sides. Notice if you look at the container from the side, the flashlight beam looks slightly blue, while the end of the flashlight appears slightly yellow.Stir more milk into the water. As you increase the number of particles in the water, the light from the flashlight is more strongly sc attered. The beam appears even bluer, while the path of the beam furthest from the flashlight goes from yellow to orange. If you look into the flashlight from across the tank, it looks like it is orange or red, rather than white. The beam also appears to spread out as it crosses the container. The blue end, where there are some particles scattering light, is like the sky on a clear day. The orange end is like the sky near sunrise or sunset. How It Works Light travels in a straight line until it encounters particles, which deflect or scatter it. In pure air or water, you cant see a beam of light and it travels along a straight path. When there are particles in the air or water, like dust, ash, ice, or water droplets, light is scattered by the edges of the particles. Milk is a colloid, which contains tiny particles of fat and protein. Mixed with water, the particles scatter light much as dust scatters light in the atmosphere. Light is scattered differently, depending on its color or wavelength. Blue light is scattered the most, while the orange and red light is scattered the least. Looking at the daytime sky is like viewing a flashlight beam from the side you see the scattered blue light. Looking at sunrise or sunset is like looking directly into the beam of the flashlight you see the light that isnt scattered, which is orange and red. What makes sunrise and sunset different from the daytime sky? Its the amount of atmosphere the sunlight has to cross before it reaches your eyes. If you think of the atmosphere as a coating covering the Earth, sunlight at noon passes through the thinnest part of the coating (which has the least number of particles). Sunlight at sunrise and sunset has to take a sideways path to the same point, through a lot more coating, which means there are a lot more particles that can scatter light. While multiple types of scattering occur in the Earths atmosphere, Rayleigh scattering is primarily responsible for the blue of the daytime sky and reddish hue of the rising and setting sun. The Tyndall effect also comes into play, but it is not the cause of blue sky color because molecules in air are smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. Sources Smith, Glenn S. (2005). Human color vision and the unsaturated blue color of the daytime sky. American Journal of Physics. 73 (7): 590–97. doi:10.1119/1.1858479Young, Andrew T. (1981). Rayleigh scattering. Applied Optics. 20 (4): 533–5. doi:10.1364/AO.20.000533

International trade and investment patterns Essay

International trade and investment patterns - Essay Example What is the significance of a single European Market for EU-based companies? What are international trade and investment theories involved in the economic integration of Europe? Given emerging economies like China and Russia, what is the significance of a single European Market for both the emerging economy and the EU-based companies? What strategies can EU companies adopt to benefit from the rise of the emerging economies? These are among the questions that will be addressed by this report. The primary objective for the report is to illustrate the importance of economic integration both for European business companies and the emerging economies. II. Main Purposes of the European Union and Forms of Economic Integration The official webpage of the European Union emphasised that one of the key goals of the European Union is to â€Å"foster economic cooperation† (Economic Union paragraph 20). However, â€Å"what began as a purely economic union also evolved into an organisation spanning all policy areas, from development aid to environment† and the name change from the European Economic Community (EEC) into the European Union or the EU in 1993 â€Å"reflected this change† (European Union paragraph 3). ... The forms of economic integration or regional integration are a regional trading arrangement, free trade area, a customs union, common market and the economic union (Carbaugh 271-273). A regional trade arrangement is an agreement whereby participating countries agree to reduce international trade tariffs among themselves (Carbaugh 271). In a free trade area, countries maintain lower tariff among them but maintain variable trade policies with other countries (Carbaugh 273). In a customs union, countries impose lower tariffs among member countries and harmonises a common trade policies with non-member countries (Carbaugh 273). A common market integrates the economies of member countries by calling for features similar to a customs union while allowing unhampered factor flows (labour and capital) at the same time (Carbaugh 273). In contrast, an economic union as represented by the European Union, has the features of a common market but, in addition, it calls for the fiscal and monetary integration (Carbaugh 273). Monetary integration in the EU shields Europe from the potentially harmful effects of a flexible exchange rate (Krugman & Obstfeld 617). Other than having a basis in trade theory, economic integration has a sound basis in investment theory. III. Investment Theory and the European Union Economic integration or economic unionism promotes a united Europe but what does it do for business and investments? At least two investment theories support the view that the economic integration of Europe is a step forward. One of the investment theories pertain to the theory of economy of scale (Denisia 57). Economic theory holds that scale influences returns from

Kraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kraft - Essay Example Kraft Foods Inc. has a reputable financial history as depicted from the previous year’s revenues. For instance, in the year 2013 ending, the company registered net revenue of $4595 million and in 2012 ending it reported net revenue of $4492 million (Kraft Foods Inc., 1). The firm’s key profitability drivers include the diverse category of products, a superior brand assortment, significant coverage in the Northern America, a wide-spread reputation for the most quality products in the food industry and a strong foundation in innovation and use of the latest technology in its operations, a deep knowledge about consumer’s interests, a long-lasting relationship with its major retailers and suppliers and an experienced team of managers who are solely driven by the firm’s core goals or rather aims in achieving the best (Kraft Foods Inc., 1). The substitute products in this industry are hot drinks such as tea, all the beverages and beverages that have caffeine, Cola. Thus, all the firms in this industry are good producers of the above mentioned products. This is due to the high number of nations which are chief coffee exporters, alternative products as a result of different types of coffee beans and insufficient money supply due to the impossible forward integration for suppliers. Thus, the farmers can combine forces but the wealthier will always influence the market. This industry or rather market has an oligopoly structure whereby there are a few globe competitors such as Nestle, Kraft Foods and Sara Lee. In addition, the industry has a relatively smaller regional roasters and intense competition from the final products of these firms. This is due to product differentiation that results to a number of flavors in coffee